Live/Work Spaces

paintbrushes in front of a window

Turning an existing building into a live/work space

Many people prefer to be able to live where they create. A live/work space can allow these creative set-ups in many areas of Denver.

Outside of single-unit and two-unit residential neighborhoods, Denver’s codes allow a combination of residential living and commercial activity in the same unit (the zoning use is called a "live/work dwelling"). These codes ensure public health, safety and quality-of-life for building occupants, visitors and the general public, and reduce liability for property owners and commercial tenants.

Live/Work versus Home Business

A live/work dwelling space is different than a home business. While many types of home occupations are allowed as part of a primary residence, these must be secondary and incidental to the main residential use so they are limited by size and type of business allowed. If your site is zoned for low-intensity residential uses only and does not allow commercial or mixed-use activity, you need to apply for a home occupation permit.

Learn how to get a home occupation permit for a home business

If your space is located in a mixed-use, industrial, or other non-residential area, use the information below for guidance on...

  • establishing both a primary business use and a primary residence in an already-built structure, or
  • adding living space to an existing art studio, gallery, music venue, or other alternative/creative space. 

Before you apply

Zoning permits

Zoning permits ensure the buildings and uses on a site align with the community’s vision for that area of the city.

  1. Find your building's zone district

    To find out what land uses your building is zoned to allow, and which of Denver's two zoning codes applies to you, use the Development Services map to determine your zone district. Using your address, this map will tell you about your site, including its zoning and historic status, and will link you to an explanation of its zone district. 

  2. Find out what land uses that district is zoned to allow

    Each zone district correlates to an Article of the zoning code, and at the end of each of these Articles, there are detailed tables that list all of the uses permitted in your zone district. Look in the table to see whether the residential use of “live/work dwelling” is allowed in your zone district.

    View a sample "District Specific Standards" section from the Denver Zoning Code

    Learn how to use the Denver Zoning Code: Watch a short video (~2 minutes; opens in YouTube)

    Go to Denver's zoning codes.

  3. Obtain the applicable zoning permit 

In all areas of the city, the next step is to obtain a zoning permit for your proposed activity.

Note: In most mixed-use and industrial zone districts, zoning allows for art studios and craft work under a “live/work dwelling" use permit. Please note that in residential zone districts (SU, TU, TH, RH, MU, RO or RX), zoning will allow an art studio only as a “home occupation" accessory use where allowed, meaning you can create art in your home to be sold outside of the home. 


Live/Work Zoning Use Permit

Denver requires that you obtain a live/work use permit if you want to add living space to an existing commercial or retail space.

In a mixed-use zone district, one building can have two or more different primary uses, including, but not limited to: residential, business, retail or entertainment. In most mixed-use zone districts in Denver, a live/work zoning use permit allows you to create a dwelling in combination with the following business activities:

  • Art gallery
  • Artist studio 
  • Professional studio
  • Office

An “artist studio” covers a broad array of craft work and custom fabrication activities. Mixed-use zones that allow indoor arts, recreation and entertainment uses will also allow a live/work space for live music performances (most MX, MS and CC zones and the I-MX zone). These activities are defined in the Denver Zoning Code, Section 11.12(PDF, 3MB), and it is important to ensure what you want to do in your live/work space matches the definition.

In addition, Denver has a provision for live/work in industrial (non-mixed-use) districts that is established specifically and only for art studios.

Buildings being converted into multi-unit dwellings can apply for a live/work permit for each dwelling unit.

A live/work zoning use permit will require a building code change of occupancy, which will require that you also apply for building permits.

Building permits

Building permits ensure that alterations are done right and do not inadvertently endanger occupants or the general public. Once you have a zoning use permit, you will need building permits to convert an existing building — particularly buildings that have never been permitted for residential uses — into livable space. See "change of occupancy" below for more information.

Building permits are not required to install battery-powered smoke detectors or for most minor projects that are cosmetic in nature such as painting, laying floor tile, or changing faucets or fixtures. Building permits are required for any remodeling work, such as building a loft, putting in new walls, adding or removing stairs, changing electrical wiring, creating new exterior openings, or anything affecting the integrity of the building’s structure. 

Not sure if your project will need a building permit? Check Section 130.3 "Exempted Work" of the Denver Building & Fire Code.

What building permits you need ultimately depends on the nature of the existing building, its current use and your desired new use. In some cases, you may need to have a structural engineer assess the condition of the building.


Change of Occupancy

All buildings are classified by an occupancy category found in the building code. Buildings must be provided with structural and life-safety elements for that particular use, purpose or level of activity. When the occupancy of a space changes (e.g., goes from warehouse/storage to residential), the building design must be reevaluated for the new use(s) and will likely require upgrades to fire safety, electrical and/or plumbing systems.

In order to begin construction for a change of occupancy, you must submit building plans and obtain a building permit. When your construction work is complete, a city inspector will inspect the work, and the city will issue a new certificate of occupancy that allows your desired uses.  

Even if you plan on no remodeling work, you will need to obtain both zoning and building permits to change the occupancy of something like a warehouse to a multi-unit dwelling or live/work dwelling. This means submitting as-built plans of the building including a site plan, floor plan(s) and the mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems. Work may be required upon review of the building and its existing systems. 


Applying for Building Permits

Building permit applications require information about a structure, such as its floor plans, structural system, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems, of sufficient clarity to show in detail that the building, structure, or utility conforms to the provisions in the Denver Building Code. Community Planning and Development has created guides to help prepare applicants for the information that will be requested during the review process.

A building permit application must include an electronic plan submittal showing what you intend to build and how it will be constructed and occupied. Plans must be drawn to scale, and must be digitally signed and sealed by the Colorado registered design professional (architect or engineer) who prepared the drawings, unless the project is for a single-family home or duplex.

If, as part of your business, you plan to use welding equipment or other tools with an unusually high electrical load, or specialized, propane gas-fired equipment or other hazardous/toxic materials, please provide this information on the building plans you submit.

Who can apply for building permits? In Denver, only a contractor with a valid license for the type of work on the application can pick up commercial construction permits, and only a licensed contractor or the owner-occupier of a detached, single-family home can pick up residential construction permits. A building owner or owner's agent is allowed to get a permit to establish a new Certificate of Occupancy when no construction work is to be done.

Depending on the scope of work, you will likely need licensed contractors to obtain permits for electrical, mechanical, and plumbing work in addition to the main building permit. 


Fees

Building permit fees are charged based on the estimated "valuation" of your project — valuation is the cost of materials, labor, overhead, and profit. 

Other potential approvals

Other agencies like Denver Department of Public Health & Environment, Denver Department of Transportation & Infrastructure, and the Denver Fire Department may also have oversight over aspects of your project. For individually designated landmark buildings or buildings located in a designated historic district, contact Landmark Preservation at 720-865-2709 or landmark@denvergov.org before applying for a permit or doing any work to the property’s exterior.

Helpful tips

Request a pre-application meeting. For general questions or help understanding a section of the code, you can request a meeting with our zoning staff. Make an appointment

Enlist a professional. The best way to ensure a building is safe and up to code is to enlist the help of a design professional—an architect, engineer or general contractor—due to the complex work involved in ensuring that a space complies with all local, state and federal regulations.

Review the codes. 


Ready to apply?

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